Fiber Polishing Machine is an experimental grinding and polishing device targeted at scientific research and precision optical processing fields. It is mainly used for fine grinding, end face trimming and quality evaluation of fiber end faces and micro optical components. This equipment integrates a precision rotary grinding system, real-time microscopic observation system and multi-degree-of-freedom precision adjustment mechanism on a single platform, realizing visualization, controllability and high consistency of the grinding process. Adopting a modular structural design, its core components include a rotary grinding disc, fiber clamping and Z-axis feed mechanism, XY translation and angle adjustment system, as well as a microscopic imaging system. Through multi-axis linkage and fine adjustment, operators can achieve precise alignment and stable contact between fiber end faces and the grinding disc under microscopic observation, effectively improving grinding quality and repeatability. During the grinding process, the rotary grinding disc delivers stable and adjustable rotational speed output. Combined with abrasive sandpapers or polishing films of different grain sizes, continuous process control from rough grinding to fine polishing can be realized. The Z-axis fine-tuning mechanism controls the contact pressure and feed amount between fiber end faces and the grinding surface to guarantee end face flatness and surface quality; the XY adjustment and rotation mechanism enables fine tuning of fiber position and angle to meet various grinding process requirements. The microscopic observation system provides real-time feedback throughout grinding, allowing operators to directly observe morphological changes of fiber end faces and adjust process parameters in a timely manner, so as to reduce end face damage or over-grinding caused by blind operation. The camera and display system support image magnification and recording, providing reliable data support for scientific experiments and process optimization. Fiber Polishing Machines are applicable to the R&D of optical communication devices, fabrication of fiber-optic sensors, micro-nano optical experiments, as well as teaching and scientific research in universities and research institutes. Featuring a compact structure, intuitive operation and strong expandability, they can be flexibly equipped with electric feed, angle fine-tuning or automatic control modules according to diverse application demands, serving as an important experimental platform for high-precision fiber end face processing and optical experiments.

I. Technical Specifications of Fiber Polishing Machine

The fiber polishing machine is a precision optical grinding and polishing experimental platform with microscopic observation function, designed for grinding and processing fiber end faces and micro optical components in laboratory environments. The equipment adopts a combined control mode of manual adjustment and stepper motor assistance, and the whole unit is mounted and operated on a standard optical breadboard.The machine operates within an ambient temperature range of 15–30 °C with relative humidity ≤70% (non-condensing). Its power supply is AC 220V±10%, 50 Hz.

The unit is equipped with a microscopic observation system built as a monocular industrial microscope. Its magnification ranges from 10× to 40×, with an optional extended magnification range of 10×–80×. It features a C-mount objective interface with a working distance ≥90 mm and manual coarse focusing. The field of view at low magnification is no less than 5 mm.Matched with an industrial-grade CCD or CMOS camera, the microscopic system delivers a resolution of no less than 1920×1080 and pixel size ≥3.45 μm. It adopts a USB3.0 data interface with frame rate ≥30 fps, supporting real-time image display and recording via an external monitor or computer.

The grinding and rotation system consists of a rotary grinding disc and drive assembly. The grinding disc has a diameter of Φ100 mm (customizable), made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel with an anodized or precision ground surface. The disc rotation speed is continuously adjustable from 0 to 300 rpm with speed stability better than ±1%, compatible with abrasive sandpaper or polishing films as grinding media.The matching abrasive sandpaper has a diameter of Φ100 mm with grit sizes ranging from #400 to #5000, fixable by adhesive backing or vacuum adsorption.

The fiber clamping and Z-axis system realizes stable positioning and fine feeding of fiber end faces. The fiber holder accommodates fiber diameters from Φ125 μm to Φ1 mm via precision V-groove mechanical clamping, with clamping repeat accuracy ≤±5 μm and quick loading/unloading capability.The manual Z-axis slide has a travel ≥25 mm and a resolution of 0.01 mm, driven by a precision micrometer head with repeat positioning accuracy better than ±3 μm. A fine Z-axis adjustment mechanism is integrated for micro indentation control, featuring a fine-travel range ≥5 mm, resolution ≤1 μm, and maximum load capacity ≥1 kg.

The equipment integrates a rotation and angle adjustment system with a manual rotary stage offering 360° rotation and 1° angular resolution with manual locking. Its axial runout ≤10 μm, satisfying requirements for fiber end angle adjustment and multi-process polishing.The XY manual slide system enables planar positioning adjustment for samples and clamping fixtures. Both X and Y axes provide travel ≥50 mm, driven by precision lead screws with position resolution of 0.01 mm and repeat positioning accuracy ≤±5 μm. The assembly is fixed to the optical breadboard by standard fasteners.An integrated XYZ triaxial adjustment mechanism supports precise alignment of the microscope, optical path and samples. Each axis has a travel ≥25 mm and adjustment resolution of 0.01 mm for multi-directional fine positioning.

The drive system adopts two-phase stepper motors with a step angle of 1.8° and drive subdivision ≥16 microsteps, controlled by an independent driver. The speed regulation range covers 0–300 rpm, and the operating noise of the equipment is ≤55 dB.The machine housing is fabricated from sheet metal with plastic-sprayed surface finish, with reserved internal space for motor and driver installation and natural heat dissipation. Its overall protection class is IP20.An optical breadboard is mounted at the bottom of the equipment, sized ≥600×450 mm with 25 mm hole spacing and M6 holes. The surface flatness is better than 0.1 mm, and the base material is aluminum alloy.

This equipment is applicable to fiber end face grinding and polishing, end face processing of micro optical components, pre-treatment of laboratory optical coupling, and fabrication of research-grade fiber devices. Optional functional modules are available upon demand, including closed-loop electric Z-axis, high-precision fine angle adjustment stage, automatic feed control system, vacuum adsorption grinding disc, enclosed dust cover and dust collection interface.

## II. Application Fields of Fiber Optic Polishers

Fiber optic polishers are mainly used for precision grinding and polishing of the end faces of optical fibers and micro optical components. Through controlled feeding, stable rotary grinding and real-time microscopic observation, they achieve high-quality and highly consistent end face processing. They are widely applied in the following fields:

1. Optical Communication and Information Technology

2. Optical Fiber Sensing and Measurement Technology

3. Micro-Nano Optics and Precision Optical Processing

4. Experimental Teaching in Research Institutes and Universities

5. R&D and Process Verification of Optical Devices

6. Precision Instruments and Optical System Integration

光纤研磨机观察图